Most children excluded from primary school fail their GCSE exams in English and maths, new research shows.

UK charity Opportunities examines the long-term impact of children being excluded or suspended from primary school School.

The study tracked the school lives of different year groups and included data from 3.2 million pupils in England.

They found that 97% of those excluded from primary school had special educational needs or disabilities.

Marie-Anne*’s son has ADHD, and the school struggled to deal with his behavior before he was diagnosed.

She said: “My son was permanently excluded when he was five; they referred him to the pupil referral unit.

“He was the only five-year-old in the building. I was like ‘no, we’re not going to do that’.

“My son is that angry boy. I mean there’s got to be a reason why he’s so angry and then he’s completely calm again – but they [the teachers] Like ‘no, he’s really naughty’. “

More than 22,000 children aged six and under were expelled or suspended from primary schools in England in 2022
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More than 22,000 children aged six and under were expelled or suspended from primary schools in England in 2022

Marianne's son was excluded when he was five
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Mary Anne’s son was excluded when he was five

In 2022, more than 22,000 children aged six and under were expelled or suspended from primary school in England.

But teaching unions are concerned that classroom behavior has worsened significantly since the outbreak and that teachers are struggling to cope.

Education Department behavioral adviser Tom Bennett said exclusion should be a last resort.

He said: “Expulsions are carried out in the most extreme circumstances, such as when a child becomes violent towards a teacher or abuses another pupil or persistently disrupts lessons.

“You can’t teach a lesson if someone throws a chair at you. Exclusions are extremely rare; on average one child is excluded every 17 years in primary school.”

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A charity has conducted a study into the long-term effects of exclusion or suspension from primary schools
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A charity has conducted a study into the long-term effects of exclusion or suspension from primary schools

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Mary-Anne’s son received help from Chance UK, which matches students with tutors and provides support for children with behavioral and emotional difficulties.

The charity is calling on the government to provide additional funding to provide specialist support for primary schools.

A Department for Education spokesman said: “For pupils at risk of exclusion, we have developed a new model that sees alternative schools working with mainstream schools to provide targeted support at the earliest possible stage to help improve behaviour, attendance and reduce exclusion risks of”.

*Real names omitted from this report.

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