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A strike by resident doctors next week is likely to increase pressure on the NHS after new figures revealed a sharp rise in flu cases across England.
an average of 2,660 flu patients were admitted to hospital every day In the week running to December 7, 106 will need critical care.
This represents a 55 percent increase from the previous week’s 1,717 patients, 69 of whom were in critical care.
The common cold is also prevalent during the colder months, so differentiating between the two illnesses can be challenging.
Understanding the key differences is important to protect personal and family health during winter.
Here’s what to know.
What causes flu and what causes cold?
Colds and flu are both respiratory illnesses, but caused by different viruses.
“Colds are mainly caused by viruses, with rhinovirus being the most common culprit,” says Dr Naveed Asif, a GP at a London general practice.
“Whereas, the flu is caused exclusively by influenza viruses, primarily types A and B.”
This means that it is possible to have a cold and the flu at the same time.
“Both are at their peak during cold weather and can weaken your immune system, leaving you vulnerable to further infections,” says Dr. Asif.
Do colds and flu spread the same way?
“Both the common cold and flu are highly contagious respiratory diseases that spread through direct contact and respiratory droplets,” says Dr. Asif.
“Transmission occurs when virus-laden droplets are expelled during coughing, sneezing or talking, which land in the mouths or noses of nearby individuals. In poorly ventilated conditions, these droplets can travel long distances.
“Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face can also lead to infection.”
What are the main symptoms and how can you tell a cold from the flu?
“The common cold usually causes a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, a mild cough and mild fatigue,” explains Dr Claire Agathou, GP at The Wellington Hospital, part of HCA Healthcare UK.
“Meanwhile, flu usually causes sudden fever, severe fatigue and weakness, muscle and joint pain, headache, dry cough, chills (feeling shivering and sweating), loss of appetite, and sometimes diarrhea.
“The main difference is that the flu comes on suddenly and is more severe, whereas the symptoms of a cold are milder and develop gradually.”
Can colds and flu cause other illnesses or complications?
“Although colds are usually mild and self-limited, both colds and flu can lead to complications such as sinusitis, ear infections, chest infections, and worsening of underlying health conditions,” says Dr. Agathou.
,Fever It can cause pneumonia, hospitalization and serious illness in vulnerable groups. However, even people who are normally well can become very unwell so if you feel unwell or are concerned about your symptoms it is important to contact your doctor immediately to discuss your symptoms.
Is the flu treated and managed differently than a cold?
“Both are managed primarily with symptom relief such as rest, fluids and paracetamol,” says Dr Agathou.
“However, in high-risk groups, antiviral medication for flu may be prescribed if started early.
“Antibiotics are not effective for anyone unless there is a secondary bacterial infection.”
Is the recovery period from a cold or flu usually long?
“Colds usually clear up within seven to 10 days, but flu often takes one to two weeks to resolve, with fatigue sometimes lasting longer,” says Dr. Agathou.
Can flu and colds be prevented by similar methods?
“The most effective protection against the flu is the annual flu vaccine, especially for vulnerable groups, but other preventive steps for both the flu and the common cold include regular hand washing and staying home when unwell,” says Dr. Agathou.
“I would also recommend avoiding touching the face, covering any coughs and sneezes and making sure indoors are well ventilated.”
Who is eligible for the flu vaccine in the UK?
,Free NHS flu vaccine “Offered annually to adults aged 65 and over, pregnant women, children aged 2-3 years and school-aged children (from Reception year to year 11), people aged six months to 64 years with eligible long-term conditions, people with learning disabilities, carers, frontline health and social care workers, and care home residents and staff,” says Dr Agathou.
“Household contacts of immunocompromised persons are also eligible.
“However, people who are not eligible for the free NHS vaccine can still access the flu jab privately. If you’re unsure, talk to your GP or local pharmacist.”