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India celebrates its Republic Day, a national holiday commemorating the day the Constitution of India came into force. The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950. This year, the country will celebrate its 77th birthday.
Although India gained independence on August 15, 1947, it fully realized its sense of sovereignty only on January 26, 1950, when the Constitution of India officially came into force, giving citizens the right to choose their own government.
This historic transition was marked by Dr. Rajendra Prasad taking oath as the first President of India at the Durbar Hall, after which the President proceeded to the Irwin Stadium, where he hoisted the national flag. Today, Republic Day is celebrated with celebration and patriotic fervor throughout the country in honor of the adoption of the Constitution of India.
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On January 26, 1950, exactly 894 days after it attained dominion status following the withdrawal of British rule, India celebrated the historic birth of its republic with a 21-gun salute and hoisting of the national flag.
This historic transformation from a British colony to a sovereign, secular and democratic nation was the culmination of a two-decade journey that began in the 1930s with the dream of Complete Swaraj. Every year, the nation celebrates this long-awaited attainment of self-rule with immense pride and joy throughout the country.
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The foundation of the Indian Republic was laid in 1929 during the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress, where Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and fellow revolutionaries resolved to achieve Purna Swaraj (complete independence), designating January 26, 1930 as the first ‘Independence Day’.
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Years later, after negotiations with the British Cabinet Mission, the Constituent Assembly was convened for the first time on December 9, 1946, to give India a Constitution. Through a rigorous process of discussion, debate and amendment, the Indian Constitution was finalized and officially adopted on November 26, 1949. The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950.
At the time of its adoption, the Constitution of India consisted of 395 articles and eight schedules. With a length of approximately 1,45,000 words, it set a world record as the longest national constitution ever adopted.
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