Most people immediately associate Mosquito with MalariaBut these small flying insects can also transmit many other diseases.
Such as a virus sent by insects Mosquito It is called arthropod-Janit or urbirus. Like MalariaThe virus is transmitted to the vertebral hosts through a female mosquito bites when it takes blood food to help in the development of its eggs. Most vertebral hosts for these arboviruses are non-human. These include birds, primates and agricultural animals. But some arbovirus can be transmitted to humans with severe negative consequences.
Five of the most important arbovirus affecting communities in Africa include chikungunya, DangenWest Nile, Yellow fever And Zika virus. It is estimated that half the world’s population is in danger of being infected with an arbovirus.
Some mosquito-borne diseases-but not all-can be fatal to humans. This confirms that every effort should be made to prevent cutting by mosquitoes and both drugs and non-pharmacological measures should be infected.
Chikungunia
The name Chikungunya is taken from Kimkande language (used in Tanzania and Mozambic) and means “to become contradictory”. Symptoms of chikungunya virus include headaches, a rash, fatigue, fever and muscle and joint pain. Generally, these symptoms are clear within a week. Sometimes, an infection can result in a severe fever and extremely painful addition, which can last for months or years, a hump, can induce the opposite appearance. Unfortunately, no antiviral or vaccine treatment is available for chikungunya virus. Deaths from Chikungunya are rare and are generally associated with other underlying health problems.
Chikungunya virus was first identified in 1952 during an outbreak in Tanzania. It is broadcast by Aedes Agipti And Ades albopictus Mosquito. More than 100 countries around the world have reported cases of Chikungunya virus. Wherever these mosquito species are present around homes and urban areas, there is a high risk of outbreak.
Woman Aedes Mosquitoes feed to feed after sunrise and around sunset. They lay eggs that can avoid drying. This makes the vector control challenging. Current control strategies focus on reducing the number of water containers, which prefer to breed these mosquitoes, individual protection to prevent the use of pesticides against adult mosquitoes and mosquito bites.
Dangen
The World Health Organization has classified the dengue virus as one of the top ten global health hazards. It is one of the fastest spreading mosquito-borne diseases. At least half of the world’s population is at risk of infection.
Like Chikungunya virus, is spread by dengue Aedes Agipti And Ades albopictus Mosquito. Both viruses share non-specific symptoms of the same control intervention and headache, a rash, fever and muscle and joint pain, so they are often misrepresented.
About authors
Jaishri Raman, Principal Medical Scientist and Malaria Operational Research and Malaria Operational Research, National Institute for Communicable Disease Head.
Shüné Oliver, Medical Scientist, National Institute for Communicable Disease.
This article has been reinstated Conversation Under a Creative Commons License. read the Original article,
Most human cases of dengue are touching or exist with mild symptoms, which last for two to seven days. In some individuals, the dengue virus proceeds to serious illness and symptoms include persistent vomiting, bleeding gums or nose and increased liver. It should be considered as a medical emergency, as these complications can be fatal. Dengue virus can be diagnosed using a rapid diagnostic test or polymarez chain reaction (PCR) test.
But no treatment is available. A vaccine has been developed and approved for use in some countries – but is currently not widely available in Africa.
Zika
Zika virus was identified in humans in the 1950s. But it became a pathogen of major public concern in 2016 after the 2015 Zika virus epidemics only. Sent by virus Aedes Agipti And Ades albopictus Mosquitoes, and are generally non-fatal in humans. Most people infected with Zika virus show no symptoms. Some have non-specific symptoms such as fever, rash, headache, muscles and joint pain and conjunctivitis. They can stay for two to seven days.
The person infected with zika virus during pregnancy is at risk of distributing children with birth defects, including Stillbarth, abortion, neurological disorders or microcephones. PCR tests can be used to diagnose zika virus, but no treatment is available.
Yellow fever
Aedes Agipti And Ades albopictus Mosquitoes are also responsible for the transmission of Yellow feverHence the name is given because the virus causes jaundice (yellow of the eyes and skin due to impaired liver function).
Symptoms in mild cases include fever, headache, chills, back pain, fatigue, jaundice, vomiting and bleeding from the mouth, nose, eyes or abdomen. These are usually clear within five days. About 50% less number of patients who develop serious symptoms will die with 10 days of being infected. Yellow fever can be diagnosed by PCR or enzyme immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Although there is no treatment for yellow fever, a very effective vaccine is widely available. A single vaccine dose provides lifelong immunity, so all individuals living or traveling in spatial areas for yellow fever should be vaccinated.
West Nile
The West Nile virus was first separated from a woman in the West Nile region of Uganda. It is transmitted by mosquitoes related to genus CulexNatural vertebral hosts are wild birds. But the virus can be transmitted to many different animals including humans through an infected mosquito bites. About 80% of people infected with West Nile virus will not show any symptoms. People who become symptomatic have mild non-specific symptoms including headaches, fever, fatigue, body pain, nausea, vomiting and sometimes, a rash. A small proportion of symptomatic patients, however, develops a serious disease. It is associated with neurological loss, and may be fatal in extreme cases.
West nile virus infection can be diagnosed by PCR or ELISA, only with accessory treatment available for neurological loss. It has been suggested that people who are older than 50 or are immunocopromized are at greater risk of severe infections. A integrated approach to incorporate water management with chemical and biological interventions requires a prolific to control Culex Vactor.