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Thermal bathing is an interesting concept from anthropological point of view. Archaeologists have traced the practice back to as far back as 11,000 BC — though experts aren’t entirely sure whether or not to dive into it. volcanic hot spring At that time in history it may have been ritualistic, medicinal, or simply a way to stay clean.
Hot springs remain a fascinating aspect of Earth’s naturally formed landscapes – when water is heated by contact with hot rocks or magma within the Earth’s crust before it rises to the surface through faults – and they appear all over the world. They also appear to be associated with many communities who live longer, healthier lives.
A few years ago, in the Czech spa town of Karlovy Vary, I was introduced to the “drinking cure” – the hot sulfurous waters that flood the picturesque town and fill swimming pools. Last month in Iceland, I took a dip in the waters of Hvámsvík while enjoying the outstanding natural scenery. Last year in Japan I spent a few days visiting the “Seven Mystical Onsen” – baths built over waterfalls in the town of Kinosaki Onsen. and in costa ricaA few weeks ago, I took a dip in the impossibly clear pool beneath Arenal Volcano.
Even Britain plays host to several notable hot springs. Bath is famous for its mineral-rich thermal pools and was probably a special site even before it became England’s first spa town under Roman rule – archaeological evidence indicates human activity around Bath’s natural springs as far back as 8000 BC.
These naturally heated pools, while being pleasant to sit in and swim in, are reported to restore vitality, soothe aches and pains, and promote longer life. I can’t deny that I’ve always felt better after spending time in geothermal springs around the world, but maybe that’s just because the experience is relaxing. Could pure relaxation have been enough for countless ancient cultures to associate these places with healing and long life, to the extent that we still believe in their health-giving properties today?
I was curious to investigate the properties of these hot volcanic waters and find out the science behind the claims, so I talked to two longevity doctors about the purported healing powers of the hot springs.
What are the health benefits of bathing in hot spring?
A GP specializing in functional and longevity medicine, Dr Harpal Bainstold me: “Scientifically the evidence is limited and largely observational, but there are some plausible mechanisms that are consistent with what we know about hot springs and longevity and well-being. A combination of mineral exposure, heat stress, relaxation, and connection with nature may all play a role.”
It is well known that hot springs contain many trace elements that benefit health. But some of these ingredients can actually be absorbed through the skin in large amounts. Dr. Enet, Founder HUM2N The Longevity Clinic says, “There is evidence that the minerals present in hot springs can be absorbed through the skin, although the degree varies and depends on the mineral content and composition of the water.”
Dr Bains says: “Theoretically, some minerals can be absorbed through the skin in very small amounts, particularly magnesium and sulphates. However this limit is minimal compared to dietary intake.
“The benefits are less about the minerals themselves and more about their local effects – soothing the skin, relaxing muscles, improving blood flow and perhaps mild detoxification and circulation through sweat. For example, silica-rich waters are often associated with softer skin and less irritation, while sulfur-rich springs may have mild antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.”
In short, most springs offer different mineral compositions and while some combinations of minerals have been shown to benefit skin and muscles to some extent in clinical settings, there is not a single study that shows the general effect of every purported health-giving hot spring.
Read more: The Ultimate Guide to Costa Rica, According to a Wellness Editor
healing power of heat
However, it’s not just about the mineral content of the water. “Beyond the minerals and composition, heat in itself is a powerful therapeutic tool, immersion in warm water improves circulation, reduces inflammation and shifts the nervous system into a restorative state,” says Inayat.
“Spending time in warm water can help lower blood pressure, improve endothelial function, relax muscles, and reduce joint pain. It can also improve insulin sensitivity, support detoxification through sweating, and relieve stress.”
A Study 2020 revealed that three-quarters of 126 people with musculoskeletal pain problems believed in the healing powers of hot spring water. The study also showed that this belief depended on frequent visits to the springs rather than a one-time dip.
Dr. Bains explains that consistent practice can yield tangible benefits. “When you bathe in a hot spring, you are exposing your body to thermal stress, which can trigger hormesis – a ‘good’ stress that encourages resilience.” Dr. Bains explains.
“It’s as we see saunaRegular use has been linked to improved vascular function, reduced inflammation, improved circulation, and potential cardiovascular benefits. a famous Japanese studies Found that frequent bathing (both hot springs and standard baths) was associated with a lower risk of heart disease and stroke.
Are all hot springs safe?
Apart from the benefits, the risks are also very less. In places like Hvamsvík in Iceland, pools are deliberately cooled with seawater to avoid overheating. In the circuit, each pool is warmer than the next and none pose a threat to well-being. It is up to the individual whether he or she chooses to take a dip in the cold seawater to experience the benefits of contrast therapy after warming up in the hot springs.
Personally, I didn’t opt for this experience because my personal brand of wellness is less about flagellation and more about soothing my nervous system – my trip to Iceland included fresh mountain air, geothermally grown seasonal vegetable dishes and spa treatments at The Edition Hotel in Reykjavik and, for me, that’s peak wellness.
Some springs are potentially too hot for humans. Costa Rica’s Arenal Volcano is active and forms thermal pools throughout the region. I did bathe in a few during a visit to the area which are managed by resorts to ensure safety and hygiene, but while off the beaten path it is worth being careful and keeping an eye out for signage that will advise you to stay away.
Other springs in Russia, Japan, and the United States reach temperatures that are considered unsafe. This is why consultation with experts at hot spring sites is encouraged. Especially if you’re going to a place like Yellowstone Park where the pools can also be acidic.
Dr. Inayat explains that, “Generally, hot springs and thermal baths are safe and well tolerated. The main risks are practical, overheating, dehydration, or skin irritation for people with pre-existing conditions such as dermatitis. In rare cases, extremely hot pools can cause burns.”
Is hot spring water a miracle cure?
When it comes to the belief that volcanically heated water promotes good health, there are several factors involved. It has been observed that heat benefits the body and reduces pain in the face, muscles and joints. The relaxing nature of being immersed in warm water can also provide a reset for the nervous system, which can support mental health. By repeating this it may be possible to provide greater relaxation to both the muscles and the mind.
In addition to these benefits, hot springs are typically social environments. studies showed that people who live longest in the world’s blue regions – places like Nicoya in Costa Rica and Okinawa in Japan – all share valuable community bonds. There is a strong causal relationship between community and longer lifespan, and conversely there is a stronger causal relationship between loneliness and shorter lifespan.
“Hot springs are often naturally beautiful, low-pollution environments, so you’re breathing clean air and reconnecting with nature – both known to reduce cortisol and improve mood.” Dr. Bains explains.
“There is also a strong social aspect, particularly in Japan and parts of Europe, where communal bathing is an act of connection and regular self-care. Rituals, presence and a sense of community may contribute to the longer, healthier lives seen in the Blue Zones, where social integration and stress reduction are key factors.”
“Although there is no evidence that hot springs directly extend lifespan, the combination of mild heat stress, mineral exposure, relaxation and time in nature supports several biological pathways associated with longevity – less inflammation, better circulation, better sleep and less stress,” she adds.
Whether or not my love of hot springs will unlock the secrets of longevity and help me live forever remains to be seen, but experts agree that this ancient practice definitely offers more benefits than just pure relaxation.
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